The Cumberland moccasinshell is a freshwater mussel in the Unionidae family, commonly known as pearly mussels. The species is found in the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. The species was historically found in North Carolina, but has been extirpated from the state.  

Like other freshwater mussels, the Cumberland moccasinshell is at risk from habitat degradation in streams and the surrounding watershed, barriers to aquatic connectivity, contaminants, and diseases. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with partners to support research, habitat restoration, propagation, and other actions that will help restore native freshwater mussels.