In addition to the definitions in Chapter 1, Exhibit 1, the following definitions help to clarify Chapter 2:
Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council – a Statewide body established in 2000 to develop, implement, and promote a co-management program between Alaska Native, Federal, and State governments for the subsistence use and conservation of migratory birds in Alaska. The Council was formed to ensure the recognition of subsistence hunting and the conservation of migratory birds, promote the co-management of migratory birds, and develop regulatory recommendations for spring and summer subsistence seasons.
Alaska Native Allotment – a parcel or parcels of land, totaling up to 160 acres, conveyed by restricted deed to an Alaska Native person under the terms and conditions of the Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906 (and 1956 amendment); the Alaska Native Veteran Allotment Act of 1998 (43 U.S.C. 357, 357a, 357b); and the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation Act, Sec 1119 (Alaska Native Vietnam-era Vet allotments), 43 U.S.C. § 1629g-1. Native allotments are restricted lands that cannot be sold, leased, or otherwise encumbered without the approval of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) – the Act through which the U.S. Congress extinguished aboriginal title, claims of aboriginal title, including aboriginal hunting and fishing rights of Alaska Native peoples and conveyed 44 million acres of land held in fee simple title and a monetary settlement of $962 million. Public Law 92-203, approved December 18, 1971. (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)
ANCSA Section 17(b) Easements – easements reserved on lands conveyed to Native corporations to provide public access across privately owned Native lands to reach Federal public lands and waters. Reserved easements could be roads, trails, or site easements. (43 U.S.C. 1616(b))
Conservation System Unit – any unit in Alaska of the National Park System, National Wildlife Refuge System, National Wild and Scenic Rivers Wild and Scenic Rivers
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 established the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and authorizes Congress to preserve certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for the enjoyment of present and future generations. The act is notable for safeguarding the special character of these rivers, while also recognizing the potential for their appropriate use and development. The act encourages river management that crosses political boundaries and promotes public participation in developing goals for river protection.
Learn more about Wild and Scenic Rivers System, National Trails System, National Wilderness Preservation System, or a National Forest Monument, including existing units, units established, designated, or expanded by or under the provisions of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), additions to such units, and any such unit established, designated, or expanded hereafter.
Co-stewardship – a term used in Joint Secretarial Order 3403 and 502 DM 1, encompasses collaborative arrangements and/or agreements of varying degrees of formality, and may include co-management and collaborative management as defined in 510 FW 1 and 502 DM 1.5.C (2023).
Federal Subsistence Board – the decision-making body that oversees the Federal Subsistence Management Program. It is made up of a Chair who possesses personal knowledge of and direct experience with subsistence uses in rural Alaska and is appointed by the Secretary of the Interior with the concurrence of the Secretary of Agriculture;five public members who possess personal knowledge of and direct experience with subsistence uses in rural Alaska (including Alaska Native subsistence uses), three of whom are nominated or recommended by federally recognized Tribal governments in Alaskaand are appointed by the Secretary of the Interior with the concurrence of the Secretary of Agriculture; the Alaska Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the Alaska Regional Director, National Park Service; the Alaska Regional Forester, U.S. Forest Service; the Alaska State Director, Bureau of Land Management; and the Alaska Regional Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Secretaries have delegated the authority to manage fish and wildlife for subsistence uses on Federal public lands and waters in Alaska to the Federal Subsistence Board. Federal Subsistence Regional Advisory Councils and State of Alaska representatives play active roles in Board deliberations.
Indigenous inhabitants of Alaska (specific to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) section of this policy, for the purposes of the August 2, 1996 protocol amendment to the 1916 Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds) – Alaska Native peoples and permanent resident nonnatives with legitimate subsistence hunting needs living in designated subsistence hunting areas.
Regional Advisory Councils – Title VIII of ANILCA provides a foundational role for the ten Regional Advisory Councils in the development of regulations guiding the taking of fish and wildlife on Federal public lands in Alaska. Council members, a majority of whom are rural subsistence users, are appointed by the Secretary.
Service Regulations Committee – consists of members of the Service Directorate. It considers recommendations from the State and Federal Flyways Councils and the Migratory Bird Program and then forwards final recommendations for annual regulations to the Service Director.
Subsistence uses (for the purposes of the MBTA) – the customary and traditional harvest or use of migratory birds and their eggs by eligible Indigenous inhabitants for their own nutritional and other essential needs. (50 CFR 92.4.) (16 U.S.C. 703-712.)
Subsistence uses (for the purposes of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)) – the use by Alaska Native peoples of marine mammals taken by Alaska Native peoples for food, clothing, shelter, heating, transportation, and other uses necessary to maintain the life of the taker or for those who depend upon the taker to provide them with such subsistence. (50 CFR 18.3.) (16 U.S.C. 1361-1407)
Subsistence uses (for the purposes of ANILCA) – the customary and traditional uses by rural Alaska residents of wild renewable resources for direct personal or family consumption as food, shelter, fuel, clothing, tools, or transportation; for the making and selling of handicraft articles out of nonedible by-products of fish and wildlife resourcestaken for personal or family consumption, for barter, or for sharing for personal or family consumption; and for customary trade, barter, or sharing for personal or family consumption. (16 U.S.C. 3113.)