Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) Species Status Assessment Report, version 2.3

This species status assessment updates an assessment published in September, 2020, and available from the monarch butterfly species profile. We delineated the historical number and distribution of monarch populations, assessed the status and health of the currently extant populations, identified the key drivers of their health, forecasted the likely future change in these drivers and monarch population responses to these changes, and evaluated the consequences of the population responses to monarch viability.